The general election of 2002 – Voter apathy

a) Political apathy is when the voters feel disillusioned by the current state of politics. They feel that there is no point in voting because their vote will have no impact. In areas of high Labour support a conservative voter may feel little point in voting because it will have no effect. This means that that person, while still interested in politics, feels that their vote will be worthless and that they can do nothing to change the system. Also as the political parties move closer together in ideologies this means that voters no longer see much of a difference in who they choose to vote for which means they don't really feel the need to vote because it will make no difference and they don't care who is in power because they don't see that it affects them very much. On the very basic level this means that people may not be interested in politics at all. Less and less people watch the news each day, newspaper buying is in decline and the most popular programme is Eastenders. Programmes like Question time and other political debate programmes never get high ratings and this shows a continuing trend. People these days don't care about the government, don't feel that the government effects them, don't see any difference in the government and so don't really care who wins and this all boils down to Political apathy. b) No campaign differences Vote worthlessness Don't like anyone Too busy for something which does not matter. One of the main reasons for low voter turnout could have been the fact that more and more people do not see a difference between the parties. Whilst Labour and the Conservatives claim to have different ideologies their methods of running the country do not vary a great deal. In fact many people do not really notice much of difference from the way the country was run pre-1997 and how it was run afterwards. New Labour is very different to old Labour and thus it occupies the same space as the Conservatives did. This means that people feel that it does not matter who wins the election because nothing really changes for them on a street level. When people feel like that they then see no point in voting. Another small factor could be that Labour supporters felt unhappy at the way labour had acted but could not bring themselves to vote for Conservatives so they decided not to vote at all out of principle. Perhaps the biggest factor is that people feel that there vote won't make a difference. The problem with that is that they are correct. If there is a Labour supporter in a region which is a conservatives area then there is no point in that voting because the vote will not make a difference. That's not just a myth, that is true and people know this. Why take the time and the trouble to vote when it will do nothing. Being armed with this knowledge will mean that people will not bother to vote because they know that 1 vote will not make a difference anywhere. One way to reverse this is to get everyone in England to vote for a party and not for a candidate, which means every vote would be used in getting a party elected. The parties would then be able to win a number of MP's where then put into certain areas. Also in 2001, it is a fact that more people felt that they tough no one really represented what they wanted. This meant that they had no one to vote for and they did not want to vote for another party. This would mean that around 10% of the country had no one to vote for and that is a lot of votes that would not have been cast because of that. Another smaller factor is that people are busier and more stressed than ever these days. Many people may simply have not had had time to go to a polling booth to vote and coupled with the aforementioned facts, people may not have been that bothered to vote anyhow. But it is still true that people may just feel that they don't have enough time to go and vote and so just stay away. One reason, which is similar to another reason, which has been mentioned, is that people did not vote because they were happy with the current govt. If people feel that the current govt. is doing a good job then they don't feel the need to vote against it or to vote for it (the poll's all said Labour were going to win anyway). People were happy with Labour and did not want anyone else so they did not feel the need to vote unlike other instances where people are very unhappy with the state that the country is in and vote to get a new party elected to make some changes. If people are happy with the current govt. then they will not waste voting because they don't need to.

Choice of Software Essay

Below is a list of possible solutions to this assignment and with them there are the disadvantages and advantages. After thoroughly analysing these choices I will pick the best option. Database Advantages Using a database is a very simple option. Almost every employee without too much guidance could use the solution to enter data and carry out the basic operations. Using the database wizard, the data can be input into a table and the field types could be declared. Thus would make data entry effective and unsophisticated. The built-in features of a database will diminish the risk of errors during the input process. Adding a new record to a database would be simple as entering it underneath the previous record. Report can also be easily printed off from a database and are aesthetically pleasing in appearance already without the need of major modification. Data validation is also a key area of this project and a database already has the suitable data validation methods pre-set end embedded into the core of the database application. Disadvantages Functions such as the ability to carry out complex mathematical calculations are not necessarily included in a database application. To overcome this irregularity the database would have to be cross-linked to a spreadsheet application. This would of course multiply the workload and the size of the task, which would be pointless. Also, other features of a database are fairly limited. This would therefore mean that the database system could not be adequately adapted to tackle the problem. This solution could prove to be expensive. Commercial Software Advantages Commercial Software programs are generally simple and well suited to the problem at hand to some extent. They are easy to use and come with extensive help guides to modify the functions and utilities to suit the and help the end user and also include suitable training materials and tasks for IT illiterates Disadvantages The costs of these Commercial Software programs are quite high. The features of these are not suitable for a task of this build and even with major modification would not be completely suitable and would be prone to error. Such programs do not have validation methods built-in and do not allow for addition of such Add-ons. This would be a stumbling block to the whole program and the quality of the program would suffer as a result. This solution could prove to be expensive. Spreadsheet System Advantages A spreadsheet System would be a more obvious solution. Such a spreadsheet would be able to be implemented with alleviation. The outstanding feature of a spreadsheet over the other options is the ability to enter and manipulate complex mathematical formulae and the ability to process numerical values without too much effort. All of the task could be completed within this one package without the need for integration with other programs and partial embedding extra programs. This can be implemented by the fact that the sheets can be linked to each other. Reports can be easily printed out via the macro feature of the spreadsheet. Disadvantages To be able to use the spreadsheet, the unwritten rules of manipulating formula within a spreadsheet have to be mastered. Exact placement of cells and macros would have to be recorded. The spreadsheet system layout is fairly difficult to follow. This solution could prove to be expensive. Bespoke Program Advantages The advantages of creating a bespoke program using a high level/imperative programming language is that the styles, functions and forms of the screens can be manipulated to suit the end users. The program would come with extensive help guides and instruction for the end users. The screens would de designed specifically using extensive research techniques to gather information for the program and to meet the users requirements and create a user-friendly interface. Behind this user-friendly interface, all of the required formulae and utilities could be implemented. The cost of creating a bespoke program is virtually none after purchasing the software to create such a program with its official license, which is a great advantage over the previous examples. Disadvantages The only obvious disadvantage to such a solution would be the time taken to complete the task. After the initial research and design period, the whole design and implementation of the program and extensive testing could take 3-4 months to be fully implemented. Online Web-Based Solution Advantages The advantages of using on online system is that the system does not have to be limited to one machine or a local network of computers but this accessibility can be enlarged and accessed all over the world by the right personnel. Security can be maintained my strenuous password and security checks and Internet I.P. addresses can be recorded and monitored. Integration of spreadsheets needs to be implemented into such a Web-Based Solution. Disadvantages If this solution were to be implemented, it would be a very foolish decision. The fact that it can be accessed all over the world maybe appealing at first, but what if the security of the website is overcome and the marks of hundreds if not thousands of students could be modified by a lone teenager with a bit of effort. This would bring the whole organisation into disrepute and affect the future of many students. Apart from the security concerns of this solution, the fact that it needs to be linked to a spreadsheet so that calculations can be carried out successfully is an unpleasant feature to this exaggerated solution. Reports could be printed to an extent but the design would be very unprofessional if not amateurish as any user can do this. This solution could prove to be expensive. Paper-Based System Advantages There are no real advantages of a paper-based system apart from the fact that it is a method of recording the information Disadvantages The disadvantages include the inability to save information in a professional manner. Sheets could be misplaced. Only one user can use the system at once. Handwriting can be a problem to read and understand. Also mistakes can easily occur much to the despair of students. Chosen Solution One thing to realise is that no problem has a solution, which is 100% perfect. This is true for the problem at hand as well. As they all have some disadvantages it is the one, which has the most advantages and the least disadvantages. That seems obvious enough to me that is why I have chosen to create own program using the BESPOKE PROGRAM option. The reasons why have chosen this option is because it is a sensible option and it can be suitably implemented and designed to the users requirements as it can be manipulated and shaped to perfection. Also it is not that costly so it will keep the bank manager happy, which would not have been the case if I had gone with the other options! The layout of the forms could be suited to use the user and I would not have to add features, which are not required by the users. The feedback from the users can be used to design the type of inputs and outputs they require from the program and how they would like to enter the data and then output the information in the form of the reports. This also enables me to create a versatile and innovative solution to the problem. The reasons why I have not used some of the other possible solutions is some of them are not practical while others are surreal! The idea of incorporating two programs to work together with each other appears to be out of the question, as it would make life hard for the end user then the current methods they are using. Also some of the solutions suggest features, which could affect the integrity of the data within the organisation and allow it to be prone to hacking and malicious damage from external sources. Other solutions do not have the necessary features to carry out this task. This is why I have eliminated these solutions when considering which solution to use and the only one that seemed practical would be the BESPOKE PROGRAM option.

Buddhist website

The future exploratory study will identify how the multimedia factors contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) – graphic usage, audio/video usage, merchandise section, etc. – affect Thai user’s attitude toward Buddhist website. The dissertation also seeks to determine whether the abovementioned factors make user to have either positive or negative or indifferent attitude toward the site. The study will employ a two-part qualitative methodology, and the results, it is hoped, will lead to more informed policies for the assessment of Thai user’s attitude toward Buddhist websites.This dissertation will employ heuristic and field research methodology to perform a high-level cultural analysis on Website design for the purposes of future research. The analysis of socio-economical and cultural issues (religion, Human-Computer Interaction, e-commerce, ethnography) relating to Website design is especially valuable from the perspective of the Thai-speaking Bu ddhist audience. Future research on the matters stated above is expected to clarify what kind of information people from the particular cultural region expect and how it should be designed.Literature Review Mayhew once compared a website to a book which anyone can display on The World Wide Web (WWW) which is â€Å"a repository of public information and transactions created by the public and accessible to the public via the Internet† (Mayhew, 2003, p. 3). The characteristics of the WWW are tensely linked to the ones of the website. Any website incorporates multimedia data such as text, static graphics, sound, animation, movie clips and virtual spaces arranged as hypermedia documents.These are the â€Å"documents that contain links to other pages of information† (Dodge & Kitchin, 2001, p. 3). The key issue about a website is its interactive, multimedia and hypermedia nature. The present research should be inevitably wrapped around the principles of Human-Computer Interac tion (HCI), user interface (UI) design, website usability engineering, and their influences on the website users. Alty defined the goal of HCI as â€Å"the efficient transfer of information between persons and computers† (2003a, p.100). According to Alty, HCI is [†¦] a generic term that describes all the activities concerned with the research, design, analysis, development, implementation and evaluation of the interactions across the interface between computer applications and human beings (often called users or operators) who are interacting with the application. (Alty, 2003b, p. 228) An authentic website should be constructed according to the principle of user-centered design.It means that â€Å"the needs, capabilities and limitations of the intended users [should be] properly taken into account during the design process† (Alty, 2003a, p. 100). Among the Internet user interface capabilities and constraints affecting users’ perceptions Mayhew listed modem speed, browser capabilities, browser controls and interpreters, installed â€Å"helper applications† or â€Å"plug-ins,† windowing, direct manipulation, and color (2003, p. 11).Within the context of HCI, a website utilizes output (text, graphics, sound, music, speech, color, animation, still pictures, moving video) and input (text [keyboard, handwriting], gesture [mouse, pen, dataglove, eye-movement], audio [voice or sound]) media to produce an effect on the user. Most literature investigates the tokens of user-friendliness in regard to a website (Mayhew, 2003; Mayhew & Bias, 2003; Opaluch, 2003; Boardman, 2004). Acknowledging the importance of this concept, Kurosu (2003) relied on cultural aspects of web usability such as â€Å"cultural variety† and â€Å"depth of culture† (p.48). The researcher utilized Suzuki's (1997) definition of the culture as â€Å"the response pattern shared by some specific group of people that is shaped through interaction with the environment† (Kurosu, 2003, p. 48) holding â€Å"the response pattern† as â€Å"how people will interact with the Website,† and â€Å"interaction with the environment† as â€Å"the interaction with the Website through the PC environment, including the browser. † Laney (1998) in his investigation of religious Christian Web sites relied on the Media System Dependency as well as uses and gratifications perspectives.Some researchers (Weeks & Goodman, 2003; Proctor & Vu, 2003) investigated HIC within the context of human information processing and perceptual-motor behavior, whereas the other group of scholars (van der Veer & del Carmen, 2003; Yoshikawa, 2003) emphasized the mental modeling as the core of HCI. Finally, Brave & Nass (2003) researched emotional implications of human-computer interaction. There is also a considerable body of research (Mayhew & Bias, 2003; Carey, 2001; Steinbock, 2000; Varey, 2001) dedicated to the issues of e-commerce a nd marketing relating to websites.Taken into account the field of the present research, reaction of Thai users towards Buddhist websites, the abovestated mechanisms and structures of HCI with a stress of user-friendliness should be analyzed within the religious and cultural context. The relation to culture in terms of geographical location is distorted and made complex within the WWW context (Couldry & McCarthy, 2004; Miller, 2004; Dodge & Kitchin, 2001; Kurosu, 2003). Geographical boundaries (the areas where people confess Buddhism, Thailand as a state unity) do not coincide with cultural zones (Thai cultural identity) and virtual areas (the WWW).On the one hand, Thailand is ready to enter the global community with its rather developed media network (Hamilton, 2002; Mccargo, 2002). On the other hand, the Thai national cultural identity is of introvert type with its â€Å"assertion of distinctiveness in relation to a powerful external world of ‘others’† (Hamilton , 2002, p. 153). One should also take into consideration the cultural elements constituting the religion of Buddhism. Haynes (2003) stated that over 90 per cent of the Thais are Buddhists.In Thailand Buddhism is â€Å"the sasana pracham chat, that is, the ‘inherent’ national religion† and constitutes â€Å"an ideological basis and political legitimacy† for the state (Haynes, 2003, p. 365). However, Haynes (2003) noted that the role of the state religion is flexible and â€Å"open to debate† (ibid. ). Swearer emphasized the unusual orientation of Thai Buddhism towards â€Å"[t]he cult of relics, images, icons, and amulets† (2003, p. 10). The religion in Thailand became more â€Å"secular and commercial† (ibid. ).The discussion seems especially interesting when religious issues are projected onto the virtual reality in the form of a religious website. Miller & Slater acknowledged â€Å"the coming together of a widespread interest in the spiritual implications of the technology, found in some of the cyberutopian literature, together with an interest in the use of the Internet on the part of established religions† (2000, p. 173). Laney (1998) noted that the simplification of web technologies and, thus, their cheapening contributed to the proliferation of religious websites.Unfortunately, the accessible literature concentrated on Christian websites with no comparison to other confessions. Last (2005) provided an interesting statistics on the Christian websites in regard to the goal of the website users in their accessing the religious websites. According to the source, 32 percent of the web-surfers are interested in religious news, 17 percent search for places to worship, 14 percent plan religious group meetings via the Internet, and 7 percent donate to charity with the help of the WWW.Besides, 11 percent of Internet users download spiritual music, 35 percent send online greeting cards, and 38 percent email spi ritual messages. Unfortunately, the statistics is rather modest in regard to Buddhist websites. Within the Thailand context, Hachigian & Wu observed such HCI problems as â€Å"the lack of IT access in rural areas where most of the population lives, lack of literacy in English/lack of Thai content, incompatible systems in different parts of the government, and inadequate training of officials† (2003, p. 88). Most of the Buddhist websites found by a plain search via search engines (Yahoo, Google, etc.) are written in English. Therefore, the present investigation is associated with difficulties in locating authentic sites for analysis. Problem definition It is true that literature about the WWW and general principles of website user interface (UI) design has grown lately. However, religious usage of websites is significantly underexplored. It is especially evident in regard to non-Christian religious websites. Religious website usage may contribute positively to the body of scho larly research on the motivations for religious Web use. The media being studied are Buddhist religious sites on the World Wide Web.Large investments are being made into the construction and development of religious websites on the Internet. A great proportion of Buddhist websites are written in English and seeks to meet cultural expectations of the Westerners. Laney (1998) once defined the problem for his investigation of Christian websites as the poorly researched motivations of the English-speaking visitors. The American scholar would be astonished at the â€Å"black hole† in regard to the motivations of Thai-speaking web-surfers whose driving desires and emotions relating to Buddhist websites are unexplored even to a greater extent.The present project seeks specifically to provide an exploratory study of Buddhist Thai-speaking website users and their motivations for using the religious Buddhist websites. Cultural theory as well as Mental Models theory and HCI theory const ruct a complex framework important for the present analysis. In order to investigate Thai users’ attitudes toward Buddhist websites the following theoretical framework was constructed. Three issues taken as independent variables are taken: graphics usage, audio/video usage, and e-marketing strategies in regard to Buddhist religious items.The first two issues are the types of output media whose effect on the user has been empirically proved. The issue of e-marketing is still being explored mainly from the perspective of user-centered design. A lot of elements may enter this concept including technical (e. g. , modem speed), user-oriented input (text, gesture, audio media), cultural (language, religion, country/nation) and other issues. The aforestated independent variables are supposed to affect (either positively, or negatively, or neutrally) the variable of website user’s perceptions.It is supposed here that graphics and multimedia elements do correlate with web-surfe rs’ emotions and attitudes. The second hypothesis is that religious background of a user (Buddhism) reinforces his/her positive/negative attitude toward Buddhist websites. In an effort to determine the presence/absence of correlation between website user design elements and Thai Buddhist users a revisit of previous implications of HCI and cultural paradigms is necessary. This research will attempt to provide a description of Thai Buddhism website usage.An additional purpose of this study is to identify the website design elements which positively/negatively affect the users of Buddhist religious websites. This study is an exploratory step in growing research on religious websites usage and the motivations for its use. Numerous studies will be required to obtain sufficient knowledge to fully understand this audience’s motivations and preferences for utilizing the most modern form of mediated religion. It is hoped that the present project will provide a starting point an d contribute to the growing body of knowledge in regard to the Internet and its cultural and social significance.Bibliography 1. Dodge, M. & Kitchin, R. (2001) Mapping cyberspace. London, Routledge. 2. Mccargo, D. (2002) Media and politics in Pacific Asia. London, Routledge. 3. Boardman, M. (2004) The language of websites. New York, Routledge. 4. Dennis, C. , Fenech, T. & Merrilees, B. (2004) E-Retailing. New York, Routledge. 5. Steinbock, D. (2000) The birth of Internet marketing communications. Westport, CT, Quorum Books. 6. Varey, R. J. (2001) Marketing communication: An introduction to contemporary issues. New York, Routledge. 7. Miller, D. & Slater, D.(2000) The Internet: An ethnographic approach. Oxford, Berg. 8. Hachigian, N. & Wu, L. (2003) The Information Revolution in Asia. Santa Monica, CA, Rand. 9. Mayhew, D. J. (2003) The web as software. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3-19. 10. Kurosu, M. (2003) A cult ural comparison of website design from a usability engineering perspective. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 47-59. 11. Mayhew, D. J. & Bias, R. G. (2003) Cost-justifying web usability.In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 63-87. 12. Opaluch, R. (2003) Usability metrics. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 101-122. 13. Hamilton, A. (2002) The national picture: Thai media and cultural identity. In: Abu-Lughod, L. , Ginsburg, F. D. & Larkin, B. ed. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, pp. 152-170. 14. Swearer, D. K. (2003) Aniconism versus iconism in Thai Buddhism.In: Heine, S. & Prebish, C. S. ed. Buddhism in the modern world: Adaptations of an ancient tradition. New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 9-25. 15. Alty, J. L. (2003a) Databases, know ledge management and information retrieval. In: Feather, J. & Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 100-101. 16. Alty, J. L. (2003b) Human-computer interaction. In: Feather, J. & Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 228-230.

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 22

Answer the question - Essay Example the male sperms develop to be small, swifter and have a short life span while the female eggs grow bigger, less mobile and have a long lifespan (Neal 336). The four alternative reproductive strategies include (Sloman, Rod and Balshine 300): (1) Reversible ART: this is where independent animals can change forth and back between patterns; (2) Sequential ART: the independent animals change from one scheme to another at a particular time in their life span; (3) Plastic ART: in this strategy, the independent animals can change the plan throughout their life; (4) Fixed ART: in this strategy, independent animals adopt a single scheme throughout their life. 5) The gross anatomy of sharks has not changed much over the last 360 million years. List five morphological or physiological characteristics of sharks that have made the shark form such an evolutionary "success". For each characteristic state the advantage that it gives - Sharks swim with their mouths open with gill rakers upright and enlarged across the openings between the gill arches to build a sieve. The sharks are able to feed on zooplankton, small fish and fish eggs (Fowler, Sharks, Rays & Chimaeras 253). 6) What are the problems with our current Linnean system of vertebrate classification? How have new cladistic and phylogenetic techniques helped us to improve our knowledge of vertebrate evolutionary relationships? The current classification of Linnaeu’s system puts reptiles and amphibians in different classes that indicate their maximal variety of biological characteristics and lifestyles (Schneider, Krasny, Morreale & Tolpa 7). The phylogenetic technique gives evolutionary trees that provide the basis for biodiversity or comparative of a broad range of evolutionary difficulties. The cladistics assists in the production of phylogenetic information utilized to generate the evolutionary trees (Laurin

Non-Western CUltures and Decentering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Non-Western CUltures and Decentering - Essay Example This gave them advantage over non-westerners in terms of political, military, and economic power. Compared to the modernity of the west, non-western cultures were not able to match up when it comes to technology and communication. As a result, western influence has dominated other cultures. First, there was colonization; which means that western countries expand their territories by occupying indigenous lands. Because of this, westerners were able to further expand their power, profit, and most importantly, they were able to exert their influence over other non-western nations. As western nations progress, non-western cultures struggle to held on to their ways and tradition. In a way, the people become resistant to change and modification of their own culture. Their ways and values handed down from generation to generation were simply incompatible with what the westerners introduce. However, the struggle against western influence had become futile as it cannot be helped that non-western nations are dominated by the west’s influence. The decentering of culture happens when non-western cultures are unable to preserve their cultural identities as a result of foreign influence. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, African culture was already established throughout the region. Rich traditions and cultural practices were already observed within the African community. While Africans live differently from Europeans, they were able establish a unique civilization in villages which are inhabited by families and village leaders. African culture is characterized by rich display of music, art, and dance. Sayre (2010) described African dance celebrations as the â€Å"stages of human development, the passing of the seasons or stages of the agricultural year†. This means that African nations were agriculturally developed and they do not need to expand their territories for food. Moreover, Hermitt

Organisations and behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Organisations and behaviour - Assignment Example The paper tells that one of the earliest structures used in organisations is the functional method. In this type, the organisation is divided into sectors or departments; each department has a particular specialism or function. The advantage for this type of structure is that the organisation can achieve effectiveness and success in pursuing its goals with the different departments having their separate functions. These departments or sections can enhance their expertise, while the workers are specialists in their own field.Another important advantage is that there is no duplication of functions. For example, in a car manufacturing plant like that of Toyota, they have different field of specialisation for each department – one works for engine specialisation, another group works for the other components, while another section works on the assembly of the Toyota car. There are disadvantages to this type of structure. The departments can have a narrow specialisation that may hin der the workers’ knowledge of their organisation. Another disadvantage that must be quickly looked into is the possible existence of an inter-departmental rivalry. The key is for the organisation to determine if the rivalry can result into good intentions or attain success for the organisation. There can be slow lines of communication on this type of structure, but a modification can remedy the situation. Information Technology can provide the answer. Toyota Motors Structure: Functional and Geographic Approaches Toyota Motors with its many branches worldwide has carried the traditional method up to this day although there may be some modifications. This company brings up to this day a family tradition of car making and traditional business. It uses the functional structure in the sense that the company is divided into departments, each with its own function and specialty. But it also uses the geographical approach considering that it is now a large organisation. Toyota is our choice organisation because it is a successful international firm that provides independence to its subsidiaries abroad. Its operation uses the geographical based approach while each independent subsidiary has a functional structure. The subsidiaries attain some kind of autonomy but also reports to the main headquarters in Japan. The United States branch of Toyota is under an independent management that allows quick responses whenever local branches and shops need help to solve local problems. It also allows tailoring of operations depending on local culture, such as language, customs, and laws and regulations. (Toyota, 2011) Toyota has been on the forefront of car making because of an effective strategic and operational management coupled with an efficient and competitive workforce. Their strategies involve innovations in production, marketing, sales and promotions, and branding. But to top it all, it has been able to handle knowledge management like it is a part of ordinary business. These strategies are applied to every branch despite their individual independence. In the 1950s Toyota was only a small company, averaging 18,000 vehicles per year. As years passed on, management perfected the so-called Toyota Production System – this is the Japanese way, a means of achieving mass production efficiencies with small volumes. Toyota expanded to become export-oriented and began to open

Crime Analysis Why Does Detroit Have Such a High National Murder Rate Assignment

Crime Analysis Why Does Detroit Have Such a High National Murder Rate - Assignment Example In addition, the media placed Detroit as the 2nd city in terms of murder cases in the entire U.S (Fisher, 2013). However, in 2013 the city’s rate abridged significantly though this still equaled with New York statistics whose population is far beyond that of Detroit by 11 times (Crime statistics, 2013). Hence, has become Murder City having 333 homicides of all kinds in 2013 despite analysts contending that was the lowest figure compared to other studies (The Washington, 2014). Most murders occurred between acquaintances, with people involved either in criminal activities or in domestic violence as evidenced by statistics from previous years. Based on already compiled data, reports cite it is a common scenario for gang members to turn on each other. Drug deals going bad were another reason for murders between people who knew each other. For instance, two teenagers were shot and found dead lying on a field facedown after having purchased marijuana from their local supplier. There were reports of domestic violence whereby spouses killed each other, parents killing their children or children terminating lives of their parents. Logan, a police chief in Detroit, gave an example of a woman who stabbed her eight-year-old girl and cited it as a typical scenario experienced in 2012 (Fisher, 2013). Logan further contended America currently experiences increased cases related to gun shootings but Detroit is the epicenter. Gun violence is something very ordinary in Detroit as most people own guns either legally or illegally. According to FBI reports, gun assault increased tremendously over the past years whereby 532 armed crimes were reported for every 100, 000 residents in 2010. The city’s respective authority went ahead to devise a policy whereby people were to hand over their guns at a fee, no questions asked. Its purpose was to reduce the number of guns in Detroit. It was a great failure as gun-related crimes are still a big problem in the

Immigration Analysis To Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Immigration Analysis To Society - Essay Example In the early seventeenth century, the first immigrants consisting of English, French, Spanish, and Dutch people arrived here. Later on, thousands of people coming from all over the world immigrated to America and formed the country of the United States of America, known later as the U.S.A. In the year 1776, â€Å"fifty-six men signed their names to the Declaration of Independence establishing the United States as one of the separate national entities in the world† (Chatterjee, pp. 23-25). America truly is a country of immigration, among different ages, genders, colors, and nations, unnumbered people who hold dreams contribute to this country. Therefore, America is a place of opportunity, prosperity, and happiness. In particular, it is an opinion of this paper that immigration is a beneficial notion that results in advantages for the American society and thus, the discussion will be an attempt to justify such thesis of the researcher. Negative Impact of Immigration It is an obs ervation that increased rate of illegal activities by the immigrants has resulted in a negative impact of immigration on minds of the local citizens, and thus, there has been a negative perspective about all the immigrants in the USA. In particular, illegal immigration is the foremost factor that has caused negative impact in the minds of local citizens. Studies have indicated that a major part of the illegal immigrants living in the United States is originally from Mexico, and approximately, 13.2 million illegal immigrants are Mexican-Americans. This number is almost one-fifth of the total population of all immigrants, many people are either uneducated or less educated, and they do not have any skills, abilities, or qualification to get jobs. About such immigrants, writer of ‘Illegal Immigration’, Karen Kenney, states, â€Å"these people either do not have enough money or are not aware of the US legal process, both of which are necessary to get legal immigration to th e United States† (pp. 12). This indicates the reason of huge number of immigrants entering into the United States illegally. One of the second most common factors of such a negative impact is drug trafficking that has been causing illegal immigration of thousands of people for the sake of their business and profits. The link between illegal immigration and drug trafficking has become almost indisputable that have created crime-related issues for the law enforcement officials (Bailey, pp. 97). As many of the illegal immigrants do not either have financial support from their employment or from the government, drug trafficking is a short way to make money. However, experts have indicated that drug trafficking does not only harm the immigrants indirectly but also results in harmful impact on roots of the society. According to an online writer, Pauline Go, she asserts, â€Å"drug use and its consequences threaten and affect the nation and its people from every socio-economic backg round, geographic region, and people with any level of education† (Go, 2008). Constructive Aspect of Immigration Apart from increase in the rate of illegal immigration and drug trafficking, immigration allows a country to benefit significantly from it, and thus, people should not acquire a negative perspective about every immigrant. In particular, reports have indicated that only a small percentage of immigrants consist of individuals that are involved in illegal activities. In the

Compare and contrast traditional Marxist approaches to international Essay

Compare and contrast traditional Marxist approaches to international relations with EITHER Neo-Gramscian OR Frankfurt School vie - Essay Example The essay will be structured as follows. In the first section, the basic assumption and specific views of orthodox Marxist theorists of the IR will be examined. It will be argued that orthodox Marxism proceeds from the notion of primacy of international economic relations over political processes in the world system of states, neglecting ideological dimensions of international system. The second section will be devoted to analysis of neo-Gramscian approach to the IR. The questions of neo-Gramscian view on interrelation between economic and social factors of the IR will be given due attention. Finally, in the third section which will represent a conclusion to the essay, the direct comparison between orthodox Marxism and neo-Gramscianism will be presented, with a view to proving the difference between these two schools of international political thought. 1. Orthodox Marxism as a Theory of International Relations Basic Assumptions of Orthodox Marxism The crux of orthodox Marxist approac h to the study of the IR lies in its assumption of primacy of economic and technological development over purely political processes, and of predominance of the struggle between different social classes over conflicts between political states (Linklater, 2005, p. 110). Unlike idealist and realist perspectives that centre on assumption of basically unchanging process of competition between self-interested individuals/political entities, a Marxian political analysis rests on the idea of historical specificity of social processes and of organic nature of social relations (Rupert, 2007b, p. 150). The Marxist theory implies the interconnection between productive forces as material bases for social production, and relations of production, which refer to the social relations between individuals, usually organized into classes, over the issues of production and distribution of social product. A Marxist perspective on the social processes proceeds from the idea of dialectic of â€Å"relatio ns in process† (Rupert, 2007b, p. 151), where the social subjects, or agents, are both dependent on social structures that set the framework for their actions and effect their maintenance and further development. In that way, social structures simultaneously determine the actions of social agents and are continuously altered by them (Rupert, 2007a, p. 36). In class society the nature of social agents is determined by their class nature, with capitalist social relations being preconditioned by the struggle between two socio-economic classes: the bourgeoisie (capitalist entrepreneurs) and the proletariat (propertyless wage workers). The View of International Relations in Orthodox Marxism Just as Marx and Engels viewed economic structure of specific societies as the factor defining the whole variety of its political, juridical and ideological forms (the former was regarded as â€Å"basis† of society, the latter as its â€Å"superstructure†), so they regarded the pro blems of the IR as the result of interactions of different economies controlled by national dominant classes, whose interests are represented politically by their state. According to Marx and Engels, as the existence of bourgeoisie as a class in capitalist society was predicated on

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade - Assignment Example While the Portuguese started off by probing into gold and spice trade, over time another commodity made way into their cargo; African men, women, and children. Towards the end of the fifteenth century, over 10 percent of the Portuguese population was African, due to the extensive slave trading engaged in during this time. The Portuguese started using these captives as enslaved labor on extensive sugar plantations on a scale large enough to overshadow any other atrocity being committed around the world. The development of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade had a direct impact on the development of the modern capitalist economic system. The capitalist economy flourished fervently primarily on the basis of plantation owners who used enslaved labor to grow their crops. By the mid-1600’s, the creation of ever growing sugar plantations along with many others, such as coffee, cocoa, rice, tobacco, indigo, and cotton, led to an increased demand for African slaves. This increase in demand was followed by the displacement of an estimated seven million Africans between mid-1600’s and early 1800’s. The increased demand for labor gave opportunists and entrepreneurs a gateway to engage in innovative ways to gain as many Africans as possible. The Europeans started engaging in a barter system with the Africans, whereby African slaves were purchased in exchange of cloth, gold, silver, copper bracelets and even military goods. The human resource and all other commodities robbed off Africa by the European are precisely what drove the capitalist development and accumulation of wealth in Europe. Trade was at its peak and the commodity of prime demand was humans. By definition, it is quite simple to differentiate between slavery and indenture. While slavery can be seen as a system whereby individuals can be bought and sold as property and forced to work under unimaginable conditions, indenture is viewed as a system of debt bondage whereby an individual is transported from one place to another and is made to work as a servant with no paid wages but allowance for food, accommodation, clothing, and training.

The Use of Animals for Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Use of Animals for Research - Assignment Example Scientific research benefits most individuals because there are new products developed through research. Individuals benefit from the quality and safe products in society. There are special animals used to test scientific products in society. The animals are bred in labs specifically to be used for scientific research. They are not taken from their natural habitat every time research needs to do. They are given specific diets that are important in scientific research. Human beings need animals to be part of their survival. Nature gave the human being a brain to be used to make life better. Humans are entitled to use the resources available to us to find ways of surviving (Melby, 16). The use of animals for research is vital for the existence of individuals in the universe. There is a food chain in the animal kingdom and animals hunt others for food. Individuals kill animals like cows and chicken for food, it indicates that there is a food chain that exists. In conclusion, animals in biotechnology are only used for research. Animal testing should not be eliminated because of human benefit from it. Animal testing does give individuals the right to abuse animals. Animals need to be respected and treated with dignity. Statistics show that more than half of the researches on biotechnology depend on animal testing. The investigations depended highly on animal testing for success. Lastly, the use of animals for experimental testing has resulted in more benefits to human than the minimal harm it causes. Animals are important of biomedical research, for their contribution to the development of drugs.

Reason People Attend College or University Essay Example for Free

Reason People Attend College or University Essay Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons examples People attend college or University to become skilled or educated person. College/ university is a platform where we can learn anything effectively such as we can improve our knowledge, we can know about different career lines and we can get knowledge about any career line and college or university provide very friendly environment through which we experience How to behave with friends and How to do team work? First reason: People attend college or university to improve their knowledge. They can get knowledge about particular subject from their skilled teachers. During class /lecture session, their knowledge is increased because everyone has its own way of perception, if someone have doubt on any topic, then teacher will provide solution for that problem. In this way, rest of students get chance to think about topic in different ways. They can share their knowledge with their friends and they can also do group discussion about difficult topics with their friends. Second reason: They can opt different profession according to their wish and then they can join particular course which is relevant to their career. So that they can become efficient in their career line because they have sufficient time to do practical and to improve their skills effectively. Or they can learn from their mistakes while studying. So that they would never repeat mistakes in their professional life. Third reason: During college or University , Students experience many different phases of life. During studying, Students make project with 4 or 5 team members and they play games or sports in team, in this way, they learn How to do work in team ? and How to co-operate with team members. This thing helps them when they are in profession life. Students also learn to work in different situation for example sometime Students do work with their teachers, while working with teachers they learn to behave with seniors. At last, I want to say that everyone must attend college/ university because college/university is a heaven for students or you can say that this is a place which make their life great. Reasons for Attending College or University Summary: People attend college or university for many different reasons, such as new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge. Many people attend colleges and universities all over the world to study and conduct research. What are their expectations of the academic experience? In my opinion, people involved in collegiate programs have two main purposes: to gain the experiences and certificates that prepare them for future careers and to increase their knowledge about different aspects of life. Many people desire stable careers that deeply affect their lives. Therefore, good preparation for a future career is a necessity. To maintain and promote your position at a company, especially in certain kinds of jobs, you must have the knowledge and experiences that come from attending a college or university. The skills, spirit, and confidence you gain from studying help equip you for your work. Moreover, it is easier to find a good job when you have qualified certificates. Many well-educated people can carry out their tasks smoothly and methodically with more economization of time and strength than people who manage their work by learning from their failures. Another advantage of attending a college or university is the relationships you build with other people. These relationships help you improve yourself. In a collegiate environment, you learn how to work in groups and how to cooperate with your partners. You also learn to achieve mutual understanding, an essential and useful skill in your future work. The second reason for attending a college or university, increasing knowledge about many aspects of life, might seem a little impractical, but it is, in fact, very practical. Some people have the misconception that studying in college provides them only with knowledge relating directly to their major and that getting certificates is the most important purpose of attending college. With those goals in mind, they often neglect subjects that dont seem to be applicable to their work. However, knowledge from college is not just useful for your job; it also is useful for many other things in life. For example, people with basic knowledge about literature, history, art, psychology, etc. might enjoy their lives more than unlearned people. They also might overcome difficulties and stress more easily, as well as have an acceptable and   optimistic attitude toward obstacles and failures in their lives. Furthermore, cultivated people might treat others in their communities with more regard. Nothing you study in college is useless, and increasing knowledge is as important as getting certificates. The more knowledge you have, the more poetic your life is. Generally speaking, its always necessary to have a good education. In addition to obtaining the appropriate certificates, attending a college or university gives you a great opportunity to learn about many different things on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. While the specific reasons people attend colleges and universities might differ, the fundamental purposes are the same: they want to obtain the necessary training and education for their future careers and they want to learn about a variety of different subjects that will apply to their lives outside their future careers. Therefore, everyone who chooses to attend a college or university should always strive to reach their goals and aspirations. People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, and increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Essay: Some people say attending college is an indispensable way to find a job. Actually, I think most of people going to college are not just for a future job. First of all, I think everyone who attends a college will make some good friends. In fact, some people claim the best friends of their entire life are met in the college. Friends in college have more opportunities to spend time together finishing their paper in the library, doing sports, having classes, etc. Consequently, they will get a deep understanding with each other and last a long-term relationship. My dads several close friends are all met in college. Secondly, I think some people attend college because their curiosity for knowledge or the keen to know the truth about this world. During the studying life in college, people can learn a lot not only about those courses , but also the spirit of science , the great of humanity and the basic of this world .Colleges are the center of scholar and research , there are numerous scientists, writers, physicians, historians benefit form colleges studying. Thirdly, we are always trying to find ourselves a life-long purpose but have no idea what we really want or who we really want to be. In college , those books, lectures and courses can give us an answer. It is not just about jobs ,but peoples dream. It may encourage you to become a writer after a plenty of reading or you dream of becoming a philosopher after get familiar with Aristoteles. You may find yourself interested in chemical change or principle of universe. It is never as simple as finding a job. In college, you learn what you are really into and that will enlighten your future and life .One who knows nothing about himself will never walk out of the confusion or begin to chase his own dream. NO.2 Nowadays, education no doubt plays an important role in professional and social life. Many students attend college or university for many reasons. Although people think that universities are available for career preparation and increasing knowledge, in my opinion it is correct to say this aloud, that colleges represent a new experience on life  personally speaking, education is about learning to think, learning different ways to analyze a problem and to find a solution to resolve it. Participating in colleges and universities would be a great opportunity to have a general formation in order to be able to think clearly, critically, to have broad range of knowledge. When people at times could confront debates or situations, they would be able to know where to start to analyze and to have a solution for that. Moreover people want to attend college because they want to achieve great success in life .Pursuing a college they would be able to gain more good skills that will be helpful for their future  careers. Professionally, the conventional view is that education increases one earning potential, so college is one ticket to a high-paying job. Actuality people who want to go to a college and university often thinks about the job and the high salary they can earn in order to have a comfortable lifestyle and to provide themselves Similarly since the competition of jobs is higher and the number of job applicants are getting increased everyone should be well educated and to have e degree in order to get a good professional job. So in one way or another a college education is a requirement of many professional jobs In a social perspective , going to college and university is e new experience in life and through such live experience people become more wiser, mature and responsible . Student that attend colleges are separated from their parents and their homes Now they are forced to face another reality but this time at different rules, being alone and not having the support of their families. Through that they use to be more mature and to handle the world by themselves. Similarly, participating a college could be very useful for people because only in this way they can come across to diverse social, cultural and multi language groups. By meeting new people that are not from their hometown and further that they do not speak the same language could be e new experience that each one of them can have.

Overview of Cryptographic Techniques

Overview of Cryptographic Techniques Gunasekaran, Priya Dharshini Cryptographic Techniques The backbone of many organization is the electronic communications. Most of the information are communicated online. Hence the important informations are to be maintained confidentially. To maintain the highly confidential information, a secure and robust system is required. Som and Banerjee (2013, p. 1) states that â€Å"Cryptography is the science of making communication unintelligible to everyone except the intended receiver(s).† Message secrecy and reliability, sender verification are the main feature provided by cryptography. The major functionality of cryptography are encryption and decryption. Encryption is a process of changing the simple text into a cipher text. Decryption is the reverse process, changing the cipher text into a simple readable text. The encryption and the decryption are processed based on the key shared between the sender and the receiver. Sender uses the key to encrypt the information, whereas the receiver uses the key to decrypt the encrypted inform ation. Kester and Danquah says that symmetric and asymmetric are the two main cryptographic algorithms. Symmetric key algorithm exchanges the public key which is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. Asymmetric algorithm provides more security than the symmetric algorithm since it uses both public and private keys for generating the cipher text. Various cryptographic techniques have been discovered based on the symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. This paper discuss the three major cryptographic techniques, square matrix algorithm, public key exchange algorithm using matrix, and asymmetric key algorithm using arithmetic equations. The most basic cryptographic technique is square matrix algorithm. Som and Banerjee says that in this technique the data is placed in the square matrix as in Figure 1 (2013, p. 1). The authors says that a matrix is considered based on the size of the simple text and the letters in the simple text are placed diagonally in the matrix (2013). Som and Banerjee explains that the key is generated by adding the position values of the letters in the diagonal position (p. 1).The author explains that the letters in the square are read serially and the position values are added with the key value obtained. Som and Banerjee says that for the each of the position value obtained the chipper text is generated (p. 2). Som and Banerjee explains this algorithm taking the simple text as â€Å"DIFFERENTIATIONS† (p. 2). Figure 1. Plain text are placed into a square matrix (Som, Banerjee, 2013, p. 2) Som and Banerjee describes that the key is generated as addi ng the position value of ‘D’, position value of ‘E’, position value of ‘T’, position value of ‘S’ which results as 38, the value of the each letters are like A being1 up to Z being 26 (2013, p. 2). Som and Banerjee states that the intermediate chipper text generated by adding the key value with the each of the position value is â€Å"PURQRQZMDFFAUUZE† as in Figure 2 (p. 2). Figure 2. The matric table of the intermediate cipher text (Som, Banerjee, 2013, p. 2) According to Som and Banerjee intermediate chipper text is converted into binary form and the sub sectioned (2013, p. 3). Som and Banerjee says that the binary converted data is combined with the next set of blocks (p. 3). This procedure is followed for all the sub sectioned blocks. In this way the each of the block is formed resulting in the actual cipher text. In this example the actual cipher text is 640 680 656 2592 2624 2592 180 152 24159191040 20401094936 70 260 680 680 720 517. Som and Banerjee explain that the decryption of the cipher is converting the number into its binary form (p. 3). The authors also explains that the binary data is then divided into a set of blocks and the individual letter for the each block is obtained (2013). Som and Banerjee states that the plain text is obtained by subtracting the position value of the intermediate text with the shared key value (2013). This method is one of the easiest method to secure the information. Public key exchange algorithm using matrix is another cryptographic techniques. Kester explains the algorithm with help of two parties A and B. According to Kester an individual private key will be chosen for the parties A and B as APVK and BPVK respectively (2012). The author syas that the public key of the party A and B, APUK and BPUK is obtained from the private key using an algorithm, considering the algorithm being CGN as shown in the Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively (2012). Figure 3. Public key generation for the party A (Kester, 2012, p. 79) Figure 4. Public key generation for the party B (Kester, 2012, p. 79) Kester also says that the public key, APUK and BPUK, is shared between both the parties (2012, p. 79). According to author the private key is not exchanged between the parties (2012, p. 79). Kester describes that the plain text is encrypted by the party A and sent to party B (2012, p. 79). The author also says that the encryption is performed using the private key of party A and the public of the party B, since the public is shared with the party A (2012). Kester explains that the encrypted text is sent to the party B (2012, p. 79). Kester states that the message received by party B is decrypted using the private key of the party A (2012, p.79). The author describes that the public key is primarily used for authentication and private keys are used for encryption (2012). According to Kester, â€Å"The decryption of the message of a particular cipher text will only be possible if and only if the message sent is intended to be read by that recipient† (2012, p. 80). This algorithm is the basic functionality for all encryption and decryption methods. Asymmetric key algorithm using arithmetic equations is a mathematical cryptographic technique. According to Kester and Danquah (2012, p. 71), the intermediate cipher text is generated using twelve equation and the main cipher text is generated using the shared key. Kester and Danquah state that there are two keys for a complete cryptographic procedure which are public key for authentication, private key for encryption and decryption (2012). Kester and Danquah describes that a software was developed based on the public key and the private key (2012). Kester and Danquah also states that only eight string of data can be used by the software (2012). Therefore this algorithm is explains the method to generate the chipper text using the software. According to Kester and Danquah, a constant value a chose between which below the number of letter of the plain text (2012).The authors state that the public key if the indivual part is generated by applying the mod function on the constant value (2012). The authors also say that the private key is any value chose below the number of letter in the plain text (2012). The authors state that the cipher text is generated using on the private and the public keys using the mod function (2012). The authors state that the public key is shared between two users and the private key is generated for individual users (2012, p. 71). Kester and Danquah says that the decryption is the reverse process of the encryption following the algorithm form the step 12 to the step 1 (2012). The authors also say that the public generated id unique for sender and the receiver and is dependent on the private key of the sender and the receiver (2012, p. 72). Kester and Danquah state that â€Å"The cipher for the public key from the private key and vice versa depends on the function used to generate keys† (2012, p. 73). This algorithm is an arithmetic cryptographic techniques generating the cipher text based on the position of the text place. Square matrix algorithm, public key exchange algorithm using matrix, and asymmetric key algorithm using arithmetic equations are the three major cryptographic techniques. They are several different cryptographic methods to secure the message delivered through the internet. Mukesh and Subashini says that biometric algorithm has been implemented widely and is proved that the data is secured effectively (2012, p. 19). References Kester, Q. A., (2012). A Public-Key Exchange Cryptographic Technique using Matrix, IEEE, 978-1-4673-4789-1/12, 78-81. Kester, Q. A., Danquah, P., (2012). A Novel Cryptographic key technique, IEEE, 978-1-4673-4789-1/12, 70-73. Mukesh, R., Subashini, V. J., (2012). Fingerprint based Authentication system using threshold visual cryptographic technique, IEEE, IBSN: 978-81-909042-2-3, 16-19. Som, S., Banerjee, M., (2013). Cryptographic Technique by Square Matrix and Single Point Crossover on Binary Field, IEEE, 978-1-4673-2821-0/12, 106.

Factors Affecting the Choice of Drug Brands by Doctors

Factors Affecting the Choice of Drug Brands by Doctors This research proposal explores the factors affecting the choice of branded drugs in India. Indian pharmaceutical market is unique due the presence of more than 60000 branded generic drugs. The doctors are spoilt for choice of brand. Hence it is important to find out the factors which affect the prescription of drugs to help both doctors and pharmaceutical companies serve patients better. LITERATURE REVIEW INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Pharmaceutical industry in India is now the third largest and 14th largest in the world in terms of volume and value, respectively. The total turnover of Indias pharmaceuticals industry for year ending September 2009 was US$ 21.04 billion with the domestic market contributing US$ 12.26 billion. [1] Due to the expansion of middle and higher middle income groups in the country, a potential US $ 8 billion market of high cost drugs is expected to emerge by 2015. It is also expected that domestic pharmaceutical market will reach US $ 20 billion by 2015. This will make India a lucrative destination for various pharmaceutical giants. Another factor aiding this movement of multinational companies to India is the evolution of low cost drug policy and stagnation of western market. The pharmaceutical industry has grown at the rate of 12 per cent (CAGR) for the past few years, but this will accelerate soon. [1]. India is among the worlds leading five Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients producers. Indian firms produce about 60,000 generic brands servicing 60 therapeutic categories. This is a unique characteristic of Indian pharmaceutical market as compared to the foreign markets where either Researched Brands or generic drugs are prescribed. These different brand names create a dilemma for the medical professionals while writing prescriptions. MARKETING BY PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES The general process of selling involving the following steps is also applicable in case of generating required prescriptions. Unawarenessà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  Awarenessà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  Interestà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Evaluationà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚  Test Prescriptionsà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Repeat Prescriptions The most cost effective ways of generating interest among doctors and consumers for new drugs are advertisements and public relations techniques. [2] While getting repeat prescriptions requires generation of involvement. Hence majority of spending goes towards direct-to-doctor (DTD) promotion. Among advertising, detailing (visits from sales representatives), direct mail, sales promotion, publicity and public relations, detailing contributes the most for doctors as well as a strategy for pharmaceutical companies. It is the only technique which can be used for all drugs according to Indian FDA regulations. Only Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs can be advertised publicly in the Indian market. Key findings of research show a high level of interaction between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical profession. 86% receive medical samples frequently 39% receive desk gifts 19% receive invitations to congresses 12% receive free lunches Half of the doctors believe that receiving benefits from the pharmaceutical industry has an influence on medical prescription, but only 27% accept this as influential in their own prescriptions. [3] GIFTS Giving gifts (such as pens to expensive foreign holidays) to doctors is one of the most common techniques used by pharmaceutical companies. These companies are working on relation of reciprocity technique. In country like India, where a lot of importance is given to relationships, doctors on receiving gifts feel obliged to return the favour by prescribing the respective brands. SALES REPRESENTATIVES The main job of Pharmaceutical sales representatives is to convince the doctors to prescribe their products. Along with that they also deal with the channel partners like chemists, wholesalers and even hospitals and other medical service agencies. Hence they have the potential to influence the buying of drugs at every stage. During their visits to the doctors they can customize the product offering based on the doctor profile and the types of patients that consult the doctor. They build relationships with the doctors and leverage it to extract maximum sales from that contact. They use all the selling skills to convince the doctors about the superiority of their products. They also act as the channel for the exchanging information. Many times this involves controlling the information that reaches the doctors as these representatives have become the main source of information about new research and products that hit the market every day. They increase the visibility of their products by continuously reminding and distribution of the gifts related to their products. All these activities influence the prescription habits of the doctors. One of the survey results showed that: 84% of GPs considered pharmaceutical representatives as an efficient source of information 31% said they might change their therapeutic prescribing following visits from representatives [4] ADVERTISING Direct advertisement through mass media is restricted to OTC drugs. These are directed to end consumers i.e. the patients as well as channel partners. These can also be used to impart information without use of particular brand names and to create awareness for public benefit. Many times advertisements become counterproductive by encroaching into the doctors space of providing treatment options creating discontent among doctors. PRICES The concern is that pharmaceutical companies marketing has led to poor people paying for branded products that cost a lot more than the much cheaper generic but have little or no additional medical value. The poor patients cannot afford the original researched brands. Hence the many branded generic drugs fill in the void left by these pharmaceutical companies. The decision is left to the doctors whether the patient can afford the medication or to find out the one which is affordable. Certain patients perceive the effect of costlier drug to be more than the cheaper one. The doctors need to look into the psyche of the patient before deciding which drug to recommend. BRANDING Majority of the doctors use brand names except in hospital setting where the brand is decided by pharmacy. There are various factors that lead to prescription of a branded drug than a generic drug. Brand names are shorter and easier to remember thus get a preference over generic drugs in a prescription. E.g. On given a choice of S-3-aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid (36 letters) or Lyrica (6 letters), it is most likely that doctors will opt for the latter being less complicated. [5] Another common argument for prescribing a brand name is that it avoids patient confusion, as patients are most likely to use brand names for identifying drugs and usually have a poor knowledge of corresponding generic names. [6] Other issues such as the quality and bioequivalence of generic substitutes are often mentioned. Availability, Sampling, Packaging, Continued Medical Education Programme and free disease detection camps are the factors that are to be evaluated upon. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To study the factors affecting the decision of doctors while prescribing a product To recommend appropriate marketing strategies to Pharmaceutical companies as per customer needs To explore customer (physicians) needs wants from a pharmaceutical company TIME FRAME The research shall be completed in 8 months time frame (Design and Sampling 2 months, Data Collection 4 months, Data Analysis and Reporting 2 months) SCOPE OF THE STUDY Study is limited to doctors in major cities of India SOURCES OF DATA PRIMARY SOURCE The researcher has to collect data through mail or telephonic interview by getting questionnaire filled up from chosen doctors SECONDARY SOURCE The researcher has to refer to various Pharmaceutical and Marketing Journals, Magazines, Reports websites SAMPLE SIZE 1000 Physicians have been chosen from across major cities in India SAMPLING METHOD Random purposeful Sampling Method 20 Cities have been randomly selected 50 Physicians have been randomly selected from each city Cities chosen are: Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Pune, Chandigarh, Patna, Guwahati, Bhopal, Itanagar, Raipur, Ranchi, Panaji, Jaipur, Bhubaneswar TOOL OF ANALYSIS Data collected from different sources has to be tabulated. Percentage and Average method has been applied to analyze data. LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH The Sample size chosen may not be enough to give a true representation of the total population. The research only encompasses metros and A-Tier cities.

Analysis of Internet Protocols and Infrastructure Essay -- Internet Te

Analysis of Internet Protocols and Infrastructure Introduction: Network: Anything reticulated or decussated at equal distances, with interstices between the intersections. - A Dictionary of the English Language SECTION : 1 1.1 WHAT IS A NETWORK? A) What is a network? A network is simply a collection of machines connected in some way that allows them to communicate with each other and share information. To do this the machines have to be connected in some way that allows communication, and have an agreed upon a language to talk when they do communicate. Components of a network might include individual hosts, some form of communications hardware, a network protocol and a collection of network services. B) Individual hosts A network is a collection of individual machines sometimes referred to as hosts. Each host (computer) must have some unique identifier that allows other hosts to talk to it. 1.2 COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK A) Network Protocol In order to communicate the parties must speak the same language. Languages on computer networks are referred to as network protocols. A network protocol is simply a set of rules and formats that govern how information is sent and in what format it is sent. Some of the different network protocols used today include TCP/IP (Internet and UNIX favourite), IPX (Novell), Appletalk (MAC), DECnet and various others. TCP/IP is quickly becoming the networking protocol and is the one I concentrate on in this subject. B) Network services To be of use to users the network will provide various services including file, print and device sharing, electronic mail etc. 1.3 TYPES OF NETWORKS A) Network categories  · LAN (local ... ...UNIX the routing table can be viewed using the netstat command. The route a packet follows can be viewed using the traceroute command. Routing tables are either created statically, or by the systems administrator configuring the system, using the startup or configuration fiels, to used a pre-defined, unchanging route.dynamically.  · There are protocols, part of TCP/IP, that will dynamically modify the routing table in response to events.  · Adding a host to the network requires obtaining, installing and configuring the necessary network hardware, gather the required information including IP address and hostname of the new host, the gateway and the name server, the network address and the subnet mask, modify the appropriate configuration and startup files with that information, make sure the new host has an entry in the domain name service, test the connection.

Creation Myth :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good vs. Evil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning all was dark. The universe stood still, just like a huge boulder. God stood one day, above all, staring at this unmoving mass.  ¡Ã‚ §A great waste of space, ¡Ã‚ ¨ He thought, and with this thought still in mind He went into his great kitchen to bake light. The light was ready, finally for it took many years, light isn ¡Ã‚ ¦t very easy to create. Got took in and hurled it at a medium-size rock, which he then called the Earth. He decided that the Earth would be His main project, and until Earth was finished, He wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¦t work on anything else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God looked around the Earth, which was now glowing brilliantly on one side but was still dark on the other side, for there was only enough light to light up half the Earth. God thought that the other side of Earth needed to have light too, because God believed in equality for everything and everyone, and with this thought, he gathered up the light and hung it in the sky. The light was bright and hot enough to light up, sill, only one side of the Earth so God took His powerful hand and spun the Earth hard so it revolved around the light which he decided to call the sun. This way the whole planet would get light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God then realized that the Earth was now too hot to live on, so He blew in the air and created the atmosphere, fog and dew. He raised his hands and down came the water, filling up everyone of Gods footprints and making all the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then God found a ball of mud, just enough to fit into one of his great hands, and proceeded to squeeze it in to the shape of a man. He cried one tear, and only one, on the mud, and almost immediately the mud had life stored inside it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a few years of the man being all alone on what was now called Earth, man spoke to God and said,  ¡Ã‚ §God, I am grateful for you creating me but I am very alone down on Earth, and wish to have a partner down there. God agreed, took another handful of mud and shaped it to look like a woman. He sent her down to Earth and together, the man and women created several more men and women. Creation Myth :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good vs. Evil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning all was dark. The universe stood still, just like a huge boulder. God stood one day, above all, staring at this unmoving mass.  ¡Ã‚ §A great waste of space, ¡Ã‚ ¨ He thought, and with this thought still in mind He went into his great kitchen to bake light. The light was ready, finally for it took many years, light isn ¡Ã‚ ¦t very easy to create. Got took in and hurled it at a medium-size rock, which he then called the Earth. He decided that the Earth would be His main project, and until Earth was finished, He wouldn ¡Ã‚ ¦t work on anything else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God looked around the Earth, which was now glowing brilliantly on one side but was still dark on the other side, for there was only enough light to light up half the Earth. God thought that the other side of Earth needed to have light too, because God believed in equality for everything and everyone, and with this thought, he gathered up the light and hung it in the sky. The light was bright and hot enough to light up, sill, only one side of the Earth so God took His powerful hand and spun the Earth hard so it revolved around the light which he decided to call the sun. This way the whole planet would get light.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  God then realized that the Earth was now too hot to live on, so He blew in the air and created the atmosphere, fog and dew. He raised his hands and down came the water, filling up everyone of Gods footprints and making all the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then God found a ball of mud, just enough to fit into one of his great hands, and proceeded to squeeze it in to the shape of a man. He cried one tear, and only one, on the mud, and almost immediately the mud had life stored inside it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a few years of the man being all alone on what was now called Earth, man spoke to God and said,  ¡Ã‚ §God, I am grateful for you creating me but I am very alone down on Earth, and wish to have a partner down there. God agreed, took another handful of mud and shaped it to look like a woman. He sent her down to Earth and together, the man and women created several more men and women.

Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Essay

It is my understanding that in my continued professional development, as manager of my setting it is my role to ensure that myself and every member of the staff and management committee understand the values, principles and statutory framework that underpins service provision in children’s care, learning and development At all times in our centre the welfare of the child is paramount and we demonstrate daily professional practise in line with the new minimum standards, code of practice and the ethos of our setting. We understand that parents are the most important people in children’s lives and that with their support for their children’s learning and development, it is up to us as a staff team to enhance what the children have already been taught by their parents and ensure that through our daily plans, based on the 6 areas of learning, set in place by the education training inspectorate, make a positive impact on the children’s early learning skills to h elp them achieve a positive long term impact on their later learning and achievements. If young children are to get the early education and care they need, there must be a substantial change in the way working with young children is perceived. There needs to be clear roles in the early years workforce and standards are continually being raised with new publications like the Cathy Nutbrown report. Other publications such as together towards improvement, the curricular guidance for preschool education, the 0-6 strategy, the minimum new standards and all relevant or new legislation all have an impact on our staff team to ensure that everyone is working together to develop their professional practise ensuring that we are committed to providing an outstanding provision for pre- school education in our setting. In my setting as part of the manager’s role I am required to keep on top of all new legislations and ensure that these are being implemented by myself and the staff team. This includes making sure that everyone has the appropriate qualifications to work in an early years setting and that we all avail of any training that becomes available that will enhance the staff teams knowledge to ensure that at all times we are providing high quality  education and play, which is age appropriate and that the children are provided with the correct resources to develop this. I ensure that as a staff team, all members of staff get to work with any outside agencies in developing their own professional development, such as local primary schools, social services, eti, and our early years specialist. We are also part of the SEN building capacity pilot scheme which has provided very in depth training to all members of staff and has proved very beneficial to the staff to help identify additional needs, put strategies into place for the children and if needed develop Individual Education Plans, working in partnership with the parents to help the child develop in whatever area they are having difficulty in, so that we know when they move onto primary school we have supported them in their development to the best of our professional ability. We ensure that we contribute to children’s care learning and development in every aspect of our practice and service by constantly reviewing our work through our daily observations and evaluations of the day. We take into account every child’s needs rights and views and incorporate these into our ever changing daily plans and routines. I believe in our setting we all have a very good working relationship with all parents and families and operate an open door system at all times. We meet with parents a few times a year to discuss how their child has settled in and also their transition onto primary school, also we meet up when necessary if a child has an individual education plan. These meetings gives us the opportunity to discuss with the parents, all the information we have gathered about their child, and ensure that we have treated every child with individuality and all areas of diversity etc are respected, valued and celebrated within our daily work, ensuring that at all times we are promoting their child’s health and well being and that as a team along with the parents, using our professional knowledge and skills as practitioners we are contributing to enrich the experience of every child’s learning to the best of our ability. We also ensure that all information we have gathered from the parents and through our own observations, is treated confidentially and used on a need to know basis. If parents disclose any personal information about their child or family life we treat it as confidential and the information is respected as appropriate unless a child’s protection and well being are at stake. In our setting we do daily, weekly and m onthly risk  assessment to ensure that at all times, every child’s personal and physical safety is of the upmost importance, whilst still allowing for risk and challenge appropriate to every child’s capabilities. We believe that best practice requires reflection and continuous search for improvement, so as a staff team we are constantly reviewing our practice and reflecting on daily events to ensure that every staff member is working to the best of their ability, we are continually updating our training and knowledge individually and as a staff team, as we believe the more we know and understand from all relevant training, the better education we can provide for every child that comes to our setting. Also through our development plan and self evaluation, working with the Together Towards Improvement document we can reflect on our practice and ensure that we are also developing our own personal practise and our setting is run to the highest standard at all times. Unit 141 Professional practice in children’s care learning and development Outcome 2Understand the values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in children’s care, learning and development A.C 2.3Support others to implement values and principles that underpin service provision By using the term â€Å"others†, this may include, workers/practitioners, colleagues, carers, volunteers, students Values: The needs, rights and views of the child are at the centre of all practice and provision How to support others We strive to provide best practice for all of our children, by promoting their needs through the 6 areas of learning. All children are individuals and their needs, rights and views will all be different, it is up to us to provide a broad and balanced curriculum to ensure that every child is at the centre of our learning plans and that every child should feel secure and valued. Individuality, difference and diversity are valued and celebrated How to support others Every child is included and supported in our setting, regardless of race, sex, religion, ethnic origin. Toys are not gender specific and all children are encouraged to play with everything. We use the media initiatve puppets at circle time to promote diversity and try to adopt a persona for each  puppet relating to a child in our settings circumstances. We welcome children and their families from all backgrounds. Staff ensure that in everything they do we help to teach the children that all people are valuable irrespective of race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, culture, ability or linguistic background and we try to celebrate these differences as much as we can. Equality of opportunity and anti-discriminatory practice are actively promoted How to support others All children are provided with the same opportunities and resources, staff are all treated fairly and with respect, in line with our equal opportunities policies and procedures. Children are recognised and valued as individuals and encouraged to develop their own sense of identity within their cultural and racial groups. Staff are all valued as individuals and encouraged to develop to the best of their ability. Fair training and recruitment procedures are in place to ensure that everyone is treated the same. Children’s health and well being are being actively promoted How to support others Good hygiene is practised and promoted at all times to minimise the spread of infection. Guidance on infection control is displayed in the main hall and a copy is sent home to every parent at the start of the year to ensure that correct exclusion times are adhered to. We operate a healthy breaks system where all children are encouraged to eat snack together and choose from a selection of healthy snacks, fruit, milk and water on a daily basis. All children take part in 30 mins active physical play daily, we encourage parents to sent a coat and hat with their chid for colder weather as we try to get children outside for physical play as much as we can. If this is not possible due to heavy rain etc the play room is cleared and we do song and dance for all the children. Children’s personal and physical safety is safeguarded, whilst allowing for risk and challenge as appropriate to the capabilities of the child How to support others During all activities provided daily every child is given the opportunity to  develop in a safe environment, whilst allowing them to challenge themselves without any undue risk or harm. Daily, weekly and monthly risk assessments are carried out on all equipment to ensure that it is structurally safe for the children and appropriate activities are adapted to suit every child’s need and capability. All areas of the playroom are adapted as much as possible to ensure that every child can develop with age appropriate resources. Self-esteem, resilience and a positive self-image are recognised as essential to every child’s development

Progressive Rock Legacy Essay

Music is a form of expression that allows artist to share their experiences with others. A critical time in the progression of music especially rock music came about in the 1960’s. Many Individuals during that time turned to music to ease the troubles going on in the world. The hippie movement was a new phenomenon that came about during this time period. Drugs and sex became very popular amongst the people who were into rock music and part of the hippie movement. People of this counterculture turned away from the norms of life and wanted a much simpler life. This counterculture allowed music to improper for the time period and the revolution of rock music. Bob Dylan was one of the first to introduce progressive rock music. He was doing a show at a folk music concert when he plugged in his electric guitar while singing folk music. People in the crowed were outrage, but in due time the music caught on. Bob Dylan combined bluegrass with rock music and created masterpieces. His spontaneity and creativity allowed listeners to slowly ease into a new type of music. The Beatles, like Bob Dylan, created new sounds for their audiences. Given that the Beatles were very popular, they could experiment more than most artists without the fear of failure. The Beatles added lyrics about racy subjects that would have appalled many people just a couple years before. Since the Beatles were so popular and they exposed the public to this new progressive rock music, it allowed other artist to join the progressive rock era. Progressive rock music cannot easily be defined. The music includes new sounds, jam sessions, trippy noises, and combining all sort of musical genres into one. White middle aged, middle class kids normally listened to this type of music. Largely influenced by the music, many of these listeners had a very different view of the world from their parents. These kids liked the experiences they got while listing to progressive rock music. It was something that they could talk about with their friends and not their parents. This was known as the generation gap. The idea of love, freedom, and minimal materialistic needs among these young listeners lead to a movement known as the â€Å"Hippie Movement†. The hippies had a completely different view of the world than those living in normal society. Instead of finding happiness in families, jobs, and nice things, hippies found happiness in the non-materialistic things in life. The hippies no longer spent money on an education, nice clothes, or even a shelter. Second hand stuff was popular amongst this movement. Love once meant marriage, but the hippie saw it in a different light. Everyone loved everyone and sex was very common. The hippie counterculture did not frown on making love without being married. Many of these people had multiple partners and that was accepted. Countless number of the songs during the sixties agreed with the hippie counterculture. Songs such as â€Å"Like a Rolling Stone† by the Beatles talked about how well educated people dropped out of society to live a simple life. The song addresses issues such as having no direction and having to scrounge for the next meal. The hippies did not mind living this kind of live style. Other songs such as â€Å"Love me Do† also by the Beatles, although very simple explain the sex culture between the hippies. Lyrics such as â€Å"Someone to love, Somebody new, Someone to love, Someone like you† showed it did not matter who you were loving as long as you were open to new experiences. The reason why people of the hippie movement liked to listen to this new type of rock music and join a counterculture that goes against everything normal in society is because the listener is free to interoperate the music any way they wanted. Unlike in real life no one is telling the listener what to do or think. The hippies were about individualism and freedom to express and the music let them experience that. A normal conversation between two hippies would be about what they thought the music was trying to convey and how the music made them feel. They would learn from each other and were free to think what they wanted. The principal common thread that was apart of not only the hippie movement, but also most of the artist of the late sixties that was part of the counterculture and progressive rock music was drugs. Drugs such as marijuana and acid were very popular within the hippie culture because it allowed them to escape reality and opened their minds to the music. It was a way for the hippies to feel the music in a way they could not when they sober. The feeling of being apart of the song not just listening to the song was key for the hippies listening to the music. The drugs allowed the mind to escape and enjoy the present time. A quote from Tony (ask jarl his last name), a famous musician, nails why the drugs such as marijuana and acid were so popular for people listening to music. Tony states, â€Å"I think if you smoke (marijuana) this enables you to sit back and relax more than anything, and let’s you listen (to music), you know, without any hang-ups, you sit back and listen. Whereas with acid you see right into the music it’s a bigger thing altogether. You hear things on Pink Floyd on acid, well I do, that I don’t hear when I’m straight. When on drugs the listener can interoperate the meaning of the songs in a completely different manner then if the listener is sober. Going along with the counterculture of the hippie movement, freedom is key and drug allowed hippies to think freely when listening to the new and improved groovy tracks. Expression did not only come in the form of talking amongst the hippies. Hippies at live shows while on acid would expression themselves through dance. The acid allowed the listener to dance whatever way the music made them feel. This goes back to the individualism that was so important to the hippie movement. People did not judge one another by the way they dance, everyone was so into the music that they were oblivious to what was going on next to them. Another form of expression was the light shows during live performances. Artist would combine very colorful lightshows to enhance the viewing experience of the listener. A very popular visual effect would be projecting oil and water onto a big screen. Combining great music and stimulating visual effects with drugs such as acid caused the hippie culture to be infatuated with live shows. Live shows were so popular and it would allow artist to be exposed. Without the live shows, artist would not have got nearly as much exposure to new fans. Many of the artist in the sixties were joining in on the counterculture and experimenting with drugs. By using drugs the artist became more experimental and could connect with the listeners. While writing artist could keep the listeners in mind and right music that would be stimulating to everyone. Drawn out solos and experimenting with all different types of sounds were encouraged. Songs included very interesting noises such as sounds of animals locked up in cages and sounds of love making between groups of people. These were included to allow the listener to interoperate the song in a way that made sense to them. A great example of an artist that connected with his audience and joined in on the counterculture of the sixties was Jimmy Hendrix. He would talk about his experiences with the drugs such is so in the song â€Å"Purple Haze†. This would allow the audience to connect with him. Not only was Jimmy Hendrix making great music, but he was also part of the listener’s counterculture. Jimmy also included sick Guitar licks in his music. Real groovy stuff. His guitar sounded like it was telling a story all by itself. The counterculture of the 1960’s that included the hippie movement, the expression of freedom, love and drugs, all contributed to the great music that was produced during that time. It helped music become progressive rock music. The progression was attributed to both the artist and the followers. If the artist did not have the hippie movement, the culture would have been much different and the music would not have been so experimental. Drugs, part of the hippie movement, were very important to this movement as well. The artist could create sounds that allowed listeners to get lost in the music. The artist themselves would create the music and while being lost in it themselves. One of the key virtues that everyone of this movement followed was finding one self. The music of this time period help individual find themselves. As quoted by Harry (ask Jarl his last name), â€Å"It (the music) played a big part in making me the way I am now†. Many of these people that listened and experienced progressive rock music to the fullest would agree with Harry.